A thorough examination of the lungs involves inspection, percussion, palpitation, and auscultation. The examination usually begins with the back, with percussion and auscultation starting lateral to the upper spine and then moving down, alternating between the left and the right side for comparison. The right middle lobe is best assessed from the front. Abnormalities on one side of the lung, e.g., dullness to percussion, increased tactile fremitus, or dry crackles, should always be compared to t

The palmar and plantar grasping reflexes are primitive reflexes that are normally present in infants and disappear between 3–6 months of age. The palmar grasp reflex is elicited by applying gentle pressure onto or by horizontally stroking the infant's palm. In response, the infant will close the palm or make a fist. The plantar grasp reflex is elicited similarly by application of gentle pressure to the soles of the infant's feet, which triggers plantar flexion (curling in) of the toes. Unilatera

Clinical examination of the lymph nodes includes inspection and palpation of all clinically relevant major lymph node groups. Clinically relevant lymph nodes are located in the head and neck, the axillae, and the inguinal area. Palpable lymph nodes should be assessed for size, tenderness, mobility, and erythema. A complete examination of the lymph nodes also includes the palpation of the spleen, which is considered a major lymphatic organ. ⭐ Click the link to watch the full examination video and