CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Fundamentals of random variables; mean-squared estimation; limit theorems and convergence; definition of random processes; autocorrelation and stationarity; Gaussian and Poisson ...

Random fields and Gaussian processes constitute fundamental frameworks in modern probability theory and spatial statistics, providing robust tools for modelling complex dependencies over space and ...

Discrete stability extends the classical notion of stability to random elements in discrete spaces by defining a scaling operation in a randomised way: an integer is transformed into the corresponding ...

Random walks constitute one of the most fundamental models in the study of stochastic processes, representing systems that evolve in a sequence of random steps. Their applications range from modelling ...

Every electronic circuit has some noise and it can affect both analog and digital circuits. Some noise comes from outside interference while some comes from random factors such as thermal effects.